Examples of Computer Pheripherals Essay

A computer peripheral is defined as an auxiliary device, such as a printer, modem, or storage system, that works in conjunction with a computer.† Computer peripherals allow computers to accomplish several tasks at once, such as downloading software updates while simultaneously printing a document. Thousands of computer peripherals have been produced over the years; however, each computer peripheral’s primary function falls into one of several categories. Input Peripherals Computer systems are capable of handling thousands of calculations per second. However, in order for a computer to have something to process, the computer must receive instructions from an input device. Some examples of input peripheral devices are keyboards, computer mice, touchscreens, and bar-code readers. Output Peripherals Once a computer has processed information, the information must be sent to an output device. Some examples of output devices are computer monitors, printers, plotters, and computer speakers. Communication Peripherals Computers are capable of communicating with each other, and with other devices (such as PDAs and cell phones). In order to communicate with these devices, a computer must have a compatible communication peripheral to transmit and receive data. Some examples of communication peripherals are computer modems, network adapters, infrared adapter ports, and wireless (radio frequency) adapters. Data Storage Peripherals A computer requires space to store files, programs, and other data. Besides the internal hard disk drive, storage peripherals also provide places for the computer to store data to and access data from. Some examples of data storage peripherals are external CD-ROM drives, flash memory drives, tape drives, and network-attached storage (NAS) drives

Analyze Attitudes Toward and Evaluate the Motivations Behind

Analyze attitudes toward and evaluate the motivations behind the European acquisition of African colonies in the period 1880 to 1914 During the late 1800’s, Europe was looking for a way to improve themselves as a whole. With growing population and a steady decline in available work, something new had to be done. Countries looked towards Africa to serve as new colonies for the Europeans in order to better their own countries. During the European acquisition of African colonies in the period 1880 to 1914 Europe’s attitude towards Africa was that Africa was the inferior race in comparison to the Europeans.With the help of a strong feeling of nationalism, Europeans were motivated to acquire new lands in order to improve their motherland’s power and economy with new available work. In the years from 1880 to 1914, Europe’s attitude towards the acquisition of Africa’s land is that the Europeans were more advanced race and felt as if it was their right as E uropeans to take the lands for themselves. This statement is supported by document 11, in which Martial Henri Merlin, the governor of French Equatorial of Africa’s speech in 1910.In this speech, Henri claims that it is the, â€Å"right of a civilized, fully developed race to occupy territories which have been left fallow by backward peoples who are plunged into barbarianism†¦ What we exercised is a right. † This speech shows the attitude of the Europeans by saying that it is the European’s right to take that land from the uncivilized people of Africa. Henri clearly views Africa as the inferior race by calling the backwards and barbarians. He also justifies his actions by calling it a right of the Europeans to do this.Another example of Europe’s attitude toward Africans is exampled by document 6 George Washington Williams in his letter to Leopold II in 1890. In this letter, it says, â€Å"When he gave the black brother a cordial grasp of the hand, th e black brother was surprised to find his white brother so strong that he nearly knocked him off his feet. † In this letter, George is demonstrating how he can use the new advancements in technology, to fool the uneducated and uninformed African people that he is stronger and more dominant.These methods were used to acquire land by making treaties with native chiefs shows Europe’s attitude and how they will do whatever they want in order to acquire more lands. The motivation behind conquering colonies in Africa starts with the opportunity to thrive economically. In document 9 from the Resolution of the German Social Democratic Party Congress 1900, it states that acquiring new lands, â€Å"†¦corresponds†¦to the greedy desire of the bourgeoisie for new opportunities to invest†¦ [in] new markets.This shows one of the motivations for colonization; to invest and open new markets in the new lands in hope to make a profit. The desire for new markets in Europe w as getting bigger and bigger now that the population was rising and jobs were becoming scarce. Colonizing new areas in Africa would lead to more imports and exports leading to more jobs which seemed appealing to most people. Supporting the idea of creating a better economy is document 4, which is a speech in 1888 by Joseph Chamberlain.In his speech he says, â€Å"We have suffered much in this country from depression of trade. We know how many of our fellow-subjects are at this moment unemployed. † This quote shows that Britain’s trade is declining with other nations and many of the people are unemployed. This is motivation for the British to colonize in Africa because with new colonies in Africa, trade would increase between Britain and the rest of Europe from the recourses Africa can provide. Colonizing in Africa would bring more money and more jobs to Europeans so it motivated people to do so.Apart from economic growth, Europeans also supported the colonization of Af rica because is made the motherland powerful. In Europe, there was no room to have countries expand their borders, meaning colonizing in Africa was the only way to do so. In Document 1, Prince Leopold II had a conversation in 1861 in which he said, â€Å"Colonies are useful, that they play a great part in that which makes up the power and prosperity of states†¦ let us strive to get one in our turn†¦to lead to progress in every sense†¦ [and] prove to the world that Belgians are an imperial people. Colonies were not only used to gain wealth but they were also a sign of power. The more land that a country can acquire, the more of a threat they can be to other countries. Gaining power is a very big motivation for Europeans to colonize Africa. In this conversation, Prince Leopold strongly suggests that Belgians should see the colonizing as a step toward domination and more power and should support the cause. Another person to encourage the colonization of Africa is Benjam in Disraeli, the British prime minister. In his speech to the House of Commons regarding the Suez Canal (doc. 0) he says, â€Å" I have always and do now recommend [colonizing] as a political transaction, and one which I believe is calculated to strengthen the empire. † Although Benjamin believes that it is not a good financial investment to purchase the land and hope for a profit, he finds that the new land will strengthen the empire by expanding its boarders to new lands in Africa. Power serves as a motivational factor because all countries want to be more powerful than its rivals and power comes from the expansion of a country’s boarders.Nationalism also contributes towards the power of a country and nationalism is displayed in document 12. Louis Bernard, a French colonial official, wrote in a memoir that he â€Å"found the image of a victorious and conquering France†¦ I was in a country of empire, an empire in which I participated instead of submitting, as it was in our annexed, Alsace and Lorraine. † Louis believes that his country is better than it is currently doing because of his strong sense of nationalism. Louis sees France as an empire which fought and didn’t surrender.He believes that France could hold more power than what it currently wields now. His motivation to see France as an empire is why France is motivated to secure parts of Africa for themselves. Through the early 20th century, countries in Europe were looking to becoming more powerful than their rivals. With this need to be better, countries looked to Africa to expand their country’s boarders in order to gain power and enhance their country’s economy. Europeans justified their actions because they saw the Africans as barbaric and backwards people and thought that it was the European’s right to take African lands.

Cosi: Lewis Changes by Directing the Play

How are ideas about betrayal and loyalty explored through the structure of the play-within-a-play? The most obvious structural feature is the ‘play-within-a-play’, which highlights the parallels between the characters and themes in Mozart’s opera, and those in Nowra’s play. Both the opera and play revolve around issues of loyalty, fidelity and betrayal. The backdrop of war is also a significant feature of both texts: the Vietnam War in the 1970s (in Cosi) and the Albanian battle for independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1790 (in Cosi Fan Tutte).Wars also involve loyalties and betrayals, and their chaos on a grand scale underscores the chaos in the lives of the characters in the opera and the play. (Sue Sherman : English for Year 12) †¢According to Mozart’s  Cosi  Fan Tutte, the issue of fidelity is depicted to be an ideal that is never achieved. †¢Since ‘women are like that’ – the interpretation of ‘cosi fan tutte', Mozart encouraged the belief that men should simply accept women are indeed disloyal in relationships. Nowra illustrates this same idea about women and infidelity through Lewis and Lucy’s relationship. While Lucy is ‘sleeping’ with Lewis, she is also ‘having sex’ with Nick.When Lewis discovers Lucy’s betrayal, she waves aside his shock, defending that ‘it is not as if we’re married. ’ The revelation does indeed prove that Cosi Fan Tutte is correct in stating that, ‘woman’s constancy is like the Arabian Phoenix. Everyone swears it exists, but no one has seen it. ’ †¢Although the women in both Cosi Fan Tutte and Cosi are shown to be unfaithful, so are the men. While the men in Cosi Fan Tutte do not actively participate in adultery, they do fabricate their departure to the war and also disguise themselves as ‘Albanians. ’ Their deception is also a betrayal to their wives. Meanwhile , Don Alfonso manipulates everyone. As seen in Cosi, Lewis is unfaithful to Lucy as he kisses Julie during rehearsals. †¢Julie later reveals that she has a girlfriend who she would prefer to be with, confirming that both men and women are unfaithful in relationships. (source: VCE Study Guides) Quotes on Fidelity/Betrayal „Women are never true.? „Women like to pretend they don’t play around, but they’re just more secretive about it. They don’t brag about it like men.? „Women are flesh and blood too.? „I don’t like men’s double standards.? â€Å"Women’s constancy is like the Phoenix of Arabia.Everyone swears it exists, but no one has seen it.? Irony in the fact that Henry plays the part of Don Alfonso in Cosi Fan Tutte as Henry firmly believes in truth and fidelity whereas Don Alfonso is cynical about it. â€Å"This Cosi condones the corruption of innocence. Women are told to be tramps. Free love. † â€Å" Whether women can remain true is a tragedy. † â€Å"Don’t insult those pure men. They? re models of fidelity and perfect love. † (Cosi Fan Tutte) â€Å"Only mad people in this day and age would do a work about love and infidelity. † Lewis and Julie kiss demonstrating that men too can be unfaithful.In a way, Nick is also unfaithful in his friendship with Lewis. â€Å"You have enemies for life, but never lovers. † â€Å"Everyone blames women, but I forgive them. If they change their love a thousand times a day, some call it sin, others a drug, but I think it’s the necessity of women’s hearts. † â€Å"That’s how men want us to be – even though they’re not true and faithful themselves. † Wagner â€Å"foreshadows what is going to happen to the couples in the future. A life of torment and adultery. † Nick justifies his infidelity with â€Å"we’re mates, aren’t we? † Nick and Lucy „didn’t last long as both were not into love and fidelity.?

The Sumerian civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Sumerian civilization - Essay Example 42-4). The existing forms of writing were not sufficient enough to be of much use to the Sumerian civilization in its advanced methods of calculation and of setting down thoughts. There were not enough symbols, pictures or word forms in the original modes of communication. Especially, writing was found to be a hindrance when the civilization advanced to the point of sending out trade expeditions to other lands. All of these factors encouraged an advanced form of writing to be developed in the Sumerian Civilization-one in which they could keep official records (McClellan 2006, p. 66-71). Although the systems of the civilization were developing rapidly, there were not many Sumerians who had the ability to read and write. To overcome this problem, the people would hire the services of scribes who would read and write on their behalf. The main use of the written documents was the implementation of the legal system which first established and then further developed laws. The ruling King would make rules that could be consistently implemented throughout the region, as scribes would place their tablets throughout the city and the rules then could be uniformly applied (Sherman & Slaisbury 2008, p. 97-9). This process represented a major step forward. The uses of writings developed beyond just alphabets as people used them to make scaled drawings of inventions, and also used the tablets to record and get the inventions named after them. For example, the first wheeled cart was developed as a drawing on one of the specific tablets. As time progressed, writing found its use in the form of record keeping, news developments, and many other written records put on Cuneiform tablets. The writings were enhanced- to be used, as codes of law and systems of practice, for the lower administrators as well as the general public (Avery 2003, p. 112-7). 2. What were the main political changes that took place in Greek society in the period 700 - 489 B.C. What were some of the causes of these changes In the early seventh century, Greece operated on the legal code of Draco, which attempted to meet the needs that had developed from the dissatisfaction of the lower class due to the controlling power and the rule of the upper class. This conflict in interests resulted in a written code of governance for the lower class, which had become aggravated as the upper class had grown to make themselves forceful rulers of their regions-as when Cylon, for example, had seized the Acropolis (Sherman & Dennis 2008, p. 59-62). This act was the basis of revolt in the 620 B.C by the lower class, and many of the leaders of the upper class were challenged. As the laws were perceived, by the lower class, to be tailored and invented overnight by the upper class, the lower class demanded to have the rules and policies be uniformly set down in written form, in the hope that they would be equally applied to all. In the same era, a judicial system based on appointed judges also came into existence, to be responsible for administering the laws irrespective of class. Courts were established so as to ensure the proper implementation of the laws and a system evolved to establish the political

Compensation and Benefit Strategy Research Paper

Compensation and Benefit Strategy - Research Paper Example On analyzing the human resource activities in the organization, it was transpired that the main reason why the employees quit their job is that the compensation and benefit packages paid to them are below average as compared to other organizations. Though many of the work positions in the company involve hazards, and people in various departments are putting in extra working hours, the management does not pay them proper compensation at parity with the nature of work. At the present stage, the company is unable to retain its loyal employees due to disparities and inadequacies in the pay structure and they have to sustain heavy expenses on recurring recruitments, which can be avoided if they evolve a proper pay structure that also recognizes high performance. Holland Enterprises is a prestigious company over the last 35 years, employing over 3500 people. In order to retain its image and to receive continued work support of employees with required experience, the company needs to revie w and rethink its compensation policies to sustain their business and profitability in a competitive environment. The management also has to recognize that, on the one hand, they are losing competent workforce for want of reasonable remuneration, while on the other hand, they are spending a lot of money to carry out recruitment. Considering the present circumstances and all the pros and cons of the issue, I have drafted a proposal for raising the compensation and planned certain benefit strategies for the employees, which are aimed to attract efficient workforce towards the company and help in retaining them in the organization in future. The proposal explores the basic components of the compensation and benefit strategy on factors such as compensation and benefit philosophy, pay structure architecture (pay grades, pay ranges, and pay width), ratio of base pay to incentive (bonus) pay, emphasizes on external equity or internal equity, principle type of benefits to include deferred c ompensation match, health insurance, vacation and sick leave, etc. Holland Enterprises has immense potential to increase their output if the organization can use the information contained in the proposal to appropriately raise the compensation of their employees and implement the benefit strategies. Compensation and Benefit Philosophy Employees are the most valuable assets in every organization and, therefore, their satisfaction and well being are very important. Fair and effective compensation system is an integral component in achieving employee satisfaction to help the company retain them for a longer period. Therefore, the management needs to ensure that an effective system of pay, which is at par with market competitive base pay programs as well as variable pay programs are prevalent in the company. There is no denial of the fact that â€Å"compensation and benefits affect the productivity and happiness of employees,† which in turn will enable the organization to â€Å" effectively realize its objectives† (Compensation & Benefits, n.d, par. 5). The management should consider that they are paying what they deserve. The principle of a good compensation philosophy is to attract and motivate efficient employees and to help in the retention of experienced employees who already know well all the specific requirements of the company and their job responsibilities. To achieve these objectives, the

THE LOTTERY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

THE LOTTERY - Essay Example The purpose of the lottery is not explicitly stated in the story though a more detailed analysis of the story would reveal that the lottery is done to ensure a good harvest the next year. The villagers believed that they have to sacrifice one of their members to ensure enough rain: thus, a good corn crop next June (Tibbett, par.2). In the beginning of the story, there seems to be a very festive mood. It was a sunny day when the lottery was held. Again, Jackson makes use of irony here. A sunny day implies something happy will happen but readers are again misled into believing so (Cummings, par.11). Community members, the old and the young ones all gather together in the town square. The reader gets the impression that this is a grand town activity that is being looked forward to every year. All family members need to be present that the reader begins to wonder what is so special about this event. The kids are innocently gathering stones and having the time of their lives. Who would ha ve thought that the stones gathered by the kids would play an important part in the gruesome ending of the story? The black box used in the lottery is full of symbolism. Jackson could have chosen another color to describe the box, but why black? Black is symbolic of death. It is a premonition of the horrible event that will befall on one of the community members. â€Å"The black box grew shabbier each year †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Again, Jackson uses the box to represent the community’s adherence to tradition. The lottery began seventy-seven years ago and it became a tradition passed on to several generations. Though the tradition is outdated, the community did not want to make any changes symbolized by their refusal to change the box no matter how deteriorated it is (Blaylock, 2003). Although Mr. Summers talk of changing the box every year, no one really took it seriously. Here we can see that Mr. Summers is caught between tradition and the changing times. The readers may perceive hi m as someone with a weak personality. He represents people who are afraid to break tradition for fear of being criticized and unacceptable to the community members. Since he has no family to be proud of, he values his reputation in the community as shown in his dedication to civic activities. This lottery is of utmost importance to him as it shows his authority over the other members of the town. The name of Mr. Summers implies something sunny or cheerful but is actually the exact opposite of his being evil, him being the leader in this horrible tradition. Another character in the story which shows how the elderly are reluctant to change is Old Man Warner (Byemonday, 1). He even calls the young as a â€Å"pack of crazy fools†. Jackson uses the name â€Å"Warner† to depict someone who â€Å"warns† others not to change, to stick to tradition (Cummings, par. 12). Aside from the black box, another character which foretells of things to come is the postmaster, Mr. Gr aves. The name â€Å"Graves† shows how Jackson puts importance even in the names of the characters that she uses in her stories. The postmaster is a person in-charge of delivering mails. Mr. Graves is portrayed as someone who together with Mr. Summers is part of this conspiracy of â€Å"delivering† someone to his grave. He is the one who prepares the slips of paper and he also brings the stool where the black box is placed. Another symbolic character in the

A Growing Level of Financial Engineering and Risk Management Research Paper

A Growing Level of Financial Engineering and Risk Management - Research Paper Example The renowned theory by Lon Fuller that is titled the â€Å"inner morality† of the Rule of Law clearly stipulates that a legal system will fail if laws presented within the system are obscure, and contradicting. Therefore, to ensure that Islamic banking maintains its unique nature it has been critical to devise a legal framework that ensures efficient functioning of Islamic banking, which is in conformity with Islamic teachings. We can look into the key elements that are contained within a legal framework to support the efficient functioning of Islamic banking. Aldohni stated that under the Islamic banking act, Islamic banking business is described as a banking business whose operations and objectives only contain elements that have been approved by the Islamic religion and in particular, the Shariah laws (63-65). Therefore, the main elements within the legal framework for the efficient functioning of Islamic banking draw their origin to the Islamic religion. The most predomina nt element of the legal framework for Islamic banking is the prohibition of the issuance of interests on all forms of transactions within Islamic banks. This element within the legal framework ensures the efficient functioning of Islamic banking in a manner that conforms to Islamic teachings and it helps in differentiating Islamic banks from the other commercial banks (Aldohni, 68-71). This differtiation would lead to figuring out to the public the equitability and avoidance of Ghara in Islamic banking as compared to conventional system conventional banking legal and regulatory framework.

The Urbanization of The Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Urbanization of The Internet - Essay Example By looking at Myspace and Facebook we can see the same fear, flight, and the slow reintegration that that is characteristic of American cultural attitudes. Myspace, one of the original social networks, was created to be open to everyone, while Facebook was exclusive. Loose security at Myspace made the site a haven for predators, danger, and disreputable behavior. Facebook was established to eliminate the perils that were inherent on Myspace. It was created as a college only site, which had the socio-economic implication that the poor and uneducated need not apply. This is similar to the racial fear of the previous half-century that saw the white population fleeing the decaying inner cities for the exclusivity of suburbia. This same phenomenon was echoed in the creation of Facebook. Myspace continued to be a haven for deviance and what Danah Boyd calls the "subaltern teens", while Facebook had attracted a more urbanite client base with an 'invitation only' strategy. Social networking requires that friends exist on the same system. This is consistent with the changing landscape of America's socio-economic division.

History of fast food restaurants in America Research Paper

History of fast food restaurants in America - Research Paper Example Fast foods include tacos, ice creams, hot dogs, fried chicken, juices, chicken nuggets, meat pies, pizzas, sausages, chips and sandwiches. Other foods that are often served in fast food restaurants are mashed potatoes, salads and chilli. One of the main characteristic of fast food restaurants is that they often maintain a limited menu, with or without seating space. This paper will analyse the history of fast food restaurants in the US tracing its development especially from the 1920s to date. Before the fast food restaurants gained ground, such foods as hamburger sandwiches and hotdogs had been big business in the early 1900s, their popularity bolstered by the holding of the St Louis World’s Fair. The first pizzeria in the United States of America opened in 1905 setting stable ground for the establishment of fast food restaurants (Famouswhy, 2010). Before the establishment of what is today known as the fast food restaurant in the US, White Castle, founded in Kansas’ Wichita was already established in 1921 (Howstuffworks, 2010). Then, most people assumed that burgers that were being sold in circuses, lunch counters, carts and fairs were of low quality. The assumption was based on the belief that hamburgers were made of soiled meat and scraps gotten from slaughterhouses. Taking note of this damning misconception, White Castles owners endeavoured to ensure that this misconception was destroyed. The founders of White Castle started to prepare their hamburgers in a manner that customers would appreciate. Their restaurants prepared the hamburgers such that clients saw how the ingredients were being mixed and the food cooked (Howstuffworks, 2010). They also painted their restaurants white and gave them names that suggested high levels of hygiene. With time, the popularity of the restaurant chain grew especially in the East and Midwest parts of the US. The

No Easy day by Mark Owen and Kevin Maurer Essay Example for Free

No Easy day by Mark Owen and Kevin Maurer Essay No Easy day by Mark Owen and Kevin Maurer, is the firsthand account of the mission that killed Bin Laden. Navy seal operator mark Owen was on operation Neptune Spear, also known as mission jeranamo and was tasked with leading a team of seals into the guest house of the compound that held Bin Laden. After they raided the guest house and kill Bin Laden’s brother he goes to the main building; c1, to assist the other operators. Once they got to the third floor of the main building, Bin Laden stuck his head out of the door; one of the operators squeezed off two rounds and hit Osama on the left side of his head. They cleared all the other rooms and gathered all the intelligence possible before they had to infiltrate. History was made on May 1, 2011; Osama Bin Laden was killed by an exceptional group of navy seals. They ended a ten year long man hunt which ended up becoming a war. Many lives were lost in the hunt for a single man; many say it was not worth it and many say it was, the point is that it is over and we are starting to pull soldiers back to the United States. Heroes are being reunited with their families and are out of danger. I learned a lot from this book because it explain a lot of parts that were miss interpreted by a lot of people; like why they did not relies the picture of dead Osama, not because they were not sure if it was him but because half of his head was missing from being shot. A lot of people did not believe it was him because the government wouldn’t release his picture and they dropped his body into the ocean. They dropped it into the ocean to avoid him becoming a martyr and people worshipping him. The book is a great book for anyone who loves the military or wants to know more about Navy seals and how they killed Bin Laden. The book goes threw a lot of Mark Owens seal training and other rotations to Iraq and Afghanistan. He also writes about how he was part of the captain Richard Phillips rescue in 2008. It has a lot of information written clearly and easy to fallow. It keeps you interested threw every sentence.

Capitalism, Modernism and Postmodernism

Capitalism, Modernism and Postmodernism Eagelton’s essay, Capitalism, Modernism and Postmodernism, was first published in the New Left Review in 1983 in which his post Marxist analysis of literature is exposed. He accounts for capitalism influence on art and its role. The capitalist and late capitalist areas have seen two new forms of literature appear: modern and postmodern. The modern, Eagleton explains, â€Å"In bracketing off the real social world, establish[es] a critical, negating distance between itself and the ruling social order†[1], while postmodern works accepts the fact that it is a commodity and thus conflicts between its material reality and its aesthetic structure. Capitalism has turned art into a commodity, and after analysing this claim, the characteristics of modern and postmodern genres will be analysed, so as to understand literature’s role. Eagleton explains how â€Å"High modernity [†¦] was born at a stroke with mass commodity culture.†[2] Capitalism, as defined by Marx is the bourgeois doctrine by which they are in possession of the modes of production and manufacture goods, sold for a profit. According to most Marxist thinkers, including Eagleton, art became one of the goods that the bourgeoisie wants to monopolise, produce and sell. Art has become a commodity, dissolved into social life. Eagleton denounces the effects of late capitalism on art: â€Å"if the artefact is a commodity, the commodity can always be an artefact. Art and life indeed interbreed†[3]. Eagleton points out that that the â€Å"performative principle†, which he redefines as the deliverance of goods, also applies to the capitalist conception of art. The use of â€Å"best seller† as criteria of advertisement for literature proves that literature has become a mass commodity good. Art and literature have been influenced by some characteristics of late capitalism, such as virtual reality based on mass consumerism. Our society focuses on commodities sold to and ideologically integrated by the consumer: â€Å"The commodity is less an image in the sense of a â€Å"reflection† than an image of itself, its entire material being devoted to its own self-presentation†[4]. Art has become centred on its own image, role and place within society, because it has somehow lost its utopian role of mirroring the world, as if capitalism has perverted its function: â€Å"If the unreality of the artistic image mirrors the unreality of its society as a whole, then it is to say that it mirrors nothing real and so does not really mirror at all.†[5] Modernism and postmodernism are genres that emerged in the capitalist and late capitalist stages. They seem to have a common point: to focus on their role and concentrate on self identity. Eagleton uses de Man’s deconstructivist theory to define modernism: â€Å"Literature defines and pre-empts its own cultural institutionalisation by textually introjecting it, hugging the very chains which bind it, discovering its own negative form of transcendence in its power of literally naming, and thus partially distancing, its own failure to engage in the real.†[6] Modernism attempts at representing the real, but cannot do so and raises a paradox: it â€Å"resists commodification†[7] but is nonetheless part of it, thus part of the social and cultural superstructure of society, which it denies. Denying being part of the capitalist mass commodity is the very core of modern failure to represent the real. Postmodernism appears as a more cynical genre. Some of its features are the blurring of boundaries, pastiche and grotesque. It does not attempt to represent the world, since it is virtual, and would thus fail to describe it. Postmodernism seems to be very different from modernism on the ground that: â€Å"If the work of art really is a commodity, it might as well admit it†[8] and â€Å"become aesthetically what it is economically†[9]. Eagleton also suggests that postmodersism aims at parodying the commodity production, without adding any meaning in it; if meaning was added in the pastiche, making it parody, it would serve to alienate the self from reality, and according to postmodern thought, there is no reality it can be alienated from. All these features aim at empting the social content of art. Eagleton assessed the features of literature genres characteristic of capitalist stages, in order to draw a critical and theoretical approach of literature. He seems to focus on its ideological role, which is, more than its representational value, its only role left. Modernism deconstructs the â€Å"unified subject of bourgeois humanism, draws upon key negative aspects of the actual experience of such subject in late bourgeois society, which often enough does not at all correspond to the official ideological version.†[10] Indeed, literature acts as an ideology denouncing ideology. Capitalist ideology professes that mass consumption finally fulfils libidinal desires, when in fact, as modernism exposes, takes us away from our self and reality, from the â€Å"unified subject†Ã¢â‚¬â€a harmonious society—that late bourgeoisie claims to have reached. Postmodernism, despite not embracing the reality of society, draws upon ideological inconsistencies of the bourgeois di scourse, thus rendering itself ideological. It shows the incapacity of complying with the capitalist ideology: â€Å"the subject of late capitalism is neither simply the self-regulating synthetic agent posited by classical humanist ideology, nor merely a decentred network of desire, but a contrary amalgam of the two.†[11] The impossibility for the self to comply with all its obligations—familial, consumering, working—in the late capitalist society is denounced by postmodernism. It seems that Eagleton places literature at the centre of ideology, as a resistance to bourgeois ideology. De man explains that â€Å"the bases for historical knowledge are not empirical facts but written texts, even if these texts masquerade in the guise of wars and revolution†[12]; literature is at the heart of our knowledge, ideologically built, and seems to remain so, decades after the end of ideology was proclaimed. BIBLIOGRAPHY Modern Criticism and Theory, a Reader. Ed. D. Lodge. Eagleton, â€Å"Capitalism, Modernism and Postmodernism†. Longman: London and New York, 1988. 1 Footnotes [1]Modern Criticism and Theory, a Reader. Ed. D. Lodge. Eagleton, â€Å"Capitalsim, Modernism and Postmodernism†. Longman: London and New York, 1988. p 392. [2] Ibid. [3] Ibid. p386-387. [4] Ibid. p.387. [5] Ibid. [6] Ibid. p.391. [7] Ibid. p.392. [8] Ibid. [9] Ibid. p.393. [10] Ibid. p.395. [11] Ibid. p.396. [12] Ibid. p.390.

Case Study Of Goa Tourism Essay

Case Study Of Goa Tourism Essay With the liberalization of the economy in 1990s and the subsequent growth of the Indian Industry, businesses started coming to Goa for their Conferences, Meetings and Events. This has led to a growth in the business of Conference Tourism in Goa and has unique features that have the potential to create a different brand personality of Goa as a Business Tourist Destination among the domestic businesses. This paper attempts to look at the Destination of Goa which attracts Business Conferences, a trend that is seeing significant growth, both, during the season as well as during the off-season. An attempt has been made to do a qualitative study to identify the impact of Business Conferences on the brand personality of Goa. A Case Study method is adopted to study the process of Business Conference organization to capture the personality type and personality creation which occurs among the Business Conference attendees. The creation of a entertainment personality of Brand Goa is seen as the dominant image which Goa has carved in the minds of the target segment, namely, the domestic businesses tourist. INTRODUCTION Branding and Brand Equity is a widely researched area in the Marketing literature. (Aaker, 1992; Keller, 1993). It has been argued that brands and branding create value, reduce consumer search costs, reduce risks for consumers and satisfy consumer needs. (Biswas,1992; Berthon et al., 1999; Bhat and Reddy, 1998). Tourism destinations are also brands that tourists consume. Whether these brands are created or emerge on their own is a debatable point both in academics as well as in practice. The role of branding process in creating a destination brand has been tried out in India (the Incredible India brand campaign in 2010) and has been researched in terms of destination brand (Cai, 2002). Tourism destinations are also perceived as a brand (Hosany, Ekinci, and Uysal, 2007) and as such can be amenable to marketing activities that enable the development of a specific brand image due to the actions of the destination marketers or the emergence of a specific brand image due to the actions of the (supply side) players and the actions of the (demand side) tourists. Due to slow rate of change in the demand for tourism products, which create the image in the first place, the change in the image of the destination is also slow. However such changes in the product portfolio of a destination have the potential to bring about a change in the image of the destination to various segments of tourists. This article tried to look at the conceptual aspect of Brand Personality, Destination Product Portfolio and impact of specific products (Conference and Business Tourism) on Brand Personality. LITERATURE REVIEW. Keller (1993) identifies brand image as the perceptions about a brand reflected as associations existing in the memory of the consumer. These associations are formed either through direct experience or through information sources or through the inferences from already existing associations (Martinez and Pina, 2003). Destination product portfolio generates these associations in terms of giving a direct experience to the visitors to form brand related associations and it is then used in the information sources to create strong associations of the brand to create a brand image. The usage of Taj Mahal, the historic monument, as a symbol of Regency in India is to create the image of the Exquisite nature of India and this is done not only in the tourism information sources but is used by many products and services in India symbolically.(Taj Mahal Tea, Taj Group of Hotels, etc.,) Destination image which is the perception about a brand is impacted by the destination brand identity as sought to be created by the supply side players at the destination. Keller (2008) identifies brand image as consisting of (1) user profiles, (2) purchase and usage situations, (3) personality and values, and (4) history, heritage and experiences. In a destination image situation all the four aspects given above fit into the creation of a destination image even as the same aspects are available with the supply side players to create a brand identity. The conceptual aspect here to be studied is the role that image perceivers have in the creation of a brand identity. This essentially means that the brand identity sought to be created by the firm/supply side player is actually a perception which the visitor has about the product she envisages to experience. This is more so in business and conference tourism because the product i.e. convention, conference, workshops etc. are co-created as in a service situation. Most conventions and other business get-togethers are created by the firm and the d estination product manager to create an experience for the visitors. Due to the strong economic situation in India and due to the emerging economy that India has been in the last decade, there has been a greater emphasis on the firms to offer to its associates situations and experiences which are rewarding and educative in the form of business conventions at exotic locales in the country. Goa which is an internationally acclaimed tourist destination is one of such locales where there is a good amount of business conference/convention activities which are organized by various firms as a means to appreciate the efforts of its associates and employees. These conventions are of a Leisure-Business orientation. The study is a conceptual one to identify the impact that these conventions have on the brand personality and brand identity/image of Goa. METHODOLOGY The study being conceptual it was thought prudent to use a qualitative approach to the study and hence a case study approach is being taken up. Goa as a destination is chosen to understand the flow of business and convention tourism and the shape it is taking as there has been an influx of business tourism products into Goa in the last few years. Though there has been no statistical history or statistical study done to identify the type and number of business tourism visitors, expert opinion of the players in the market, both, stake holders as well as destination marketers, has been taken to identify the creation of the destination image for the business and conference tourists. Experts from the hotel industry, event management industry and the Department of Tourism which is the nodal agency to monitor and supplement tourism from the Governments side has been targeted for opinions and views which would be the basis for exploring the role of destination image creation and its impact o n the destination image of Goa. GOA: CASE FOR BUSINESS TOURISM Tourism in Goa. Politically, Goa became a part of India in 1961. It was under the Portuguese rule for more than four centuries before that. It is the smallest state of India. It was given Statehood in the year 1987 and prior to this it was considered as a Union Territory along with Daman and Diu which were also ruled by the Portuguese till 1961. Goa has area of 3702 square kilometers and has a lovely pristine beach length of 105 kilometers. Goa as a state is surrounded by the Sea to the west, by the state of Maharashtra to the north and by the state of Karnataka to the south and east. Geographically Goa can be categorized under three distinct areas v.i.z., the Western Ghats (An ecological and biodiversity region of the mountains) towards the east and south, the midlands and the coastal region. Goa has a population of about 1.45 million according to the quick estimates of the 2011 Census.Politically Goa is divided into two districts, North Goa and South Goa. The state comprises of 11 Talukas (Smaller political/administrative divisions of the state) and 189 Village Panchayats (Local Self Governments). This is the geo-political structure of Goa. In terms of economics, Goa, which is the smallest state of India in area and fourth smallest in population, has the highest per-capita income in the country. (http://unidow.com/india%20home%20eng/statewise_gdp.html). The major economic sectors are the Primary sector (Agriculture, Mining, Fisheries and Dairy farming) which contributes 11.39% of the states GDP (2009-2010 at Constant Prices), the Secondary sector (Industries, SMEs, etc.) contributing 37.73% (2009-2010 at Constant Prices) and the Tertiary sector (Services inclusive of Tourism) contributing a total of 50.88% (2009-2010 at Constant Prices).2 (http://www.goa.gov.in/pdf/goa-esurvey-2010-2011.pdf ). In terms of growth of the sectors the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors grew by 2.38%, 5.05% and 20.63% respectively in 2009-10. Tourism Growth Over the years the domestic tourism and foreign tourism increased and by the year 1985 organised tourism in terms of foreign Charter Flights started. 24 Chartered flights operated in the year 1985-86 bringing in 3568 foreign tourists with them. Though this was a minute part of the total foreign tourists in the state (3.85%) it was a beginning which would lead to the Charter Foreign Tourists forming 45.3% of the total foreign tourists in 2007. Though the ratio of Domestic Tourists to Foreign Tourists is 4:1 the average stay of the foreign tourists is generally higher. The domestic tourists stay for an average of 5 days while the average stay for the foreign tourists is 9 days. This also increases the visibility of the foreign tourists which creates an impression that there are more foreign tourists visiting the state of Goa. The chart given at the end of the paper gives the growth of tourism in Goa from 1985 to 2010. Business and Conference tourism was not a part of the tourism scenario in a significant way till the CHOGM meet (Commonwealth Heads of Governments) in 1983. This was one of the major events to happen though not connected with Business Tourism. Since then there has been an increase in the Business and Conference tourism in Goa though there has been no attempt to identify the growth in statistical terms. The tourism industry has on its own given a boost to the business and conference tourism by enhancing the capabilities of the private infrastructure such as Hotel Conference halls, Event management etc., and tried to encourage a larger business visitor profile for Goa. The industry experts view Business Tourism as a nascent offspring in tourism in Goa. There have been a number of conferences and meets in Goa that are targeted at the Business Tourist. The experts identify that at least 700-800 such small and medium Conferences/Meets/ Dealer workshops are conducted all over Goa in a Calender year. Most of these are conducted from June to October as this is the lean season for tourism and as such the facilities associated with the hotel (rooms and other infrastructure) are available. The target market for these conferences to a large extent has been the Pharma companies and also Dealers of different business organizations who converge on Goa to conduct their Sales meets or Year End meets. Most of the target market is in Delhi and Mumbai, the two most important cities as far as Business is concerned. The entire product (Conference or Dealer meet) is co-created by the Customer (business organization), the service provider (Hotel) and the Event Management organization. Most of the entertainment and other services are provided by the Event Management organization which is a part of the product creation process. Fire Dancers, Belly Dancers etc., are organized by the Event Management companies as part of the Conference. The product so created has the potential to define value to its customers and as such has the potential to impact the kind of image that customers seek in such situations. Most of the customers, according to industry experts, are from the socio-economic class B1 and B2 (SEC B1 B2) as per MRSI (2011) http://mrsi.in/sec.html. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION The difference between a brand and a commodity is the idea of added values (Meldrum and McDonald, 1995). These added values are associated with consumer demands in various ways. The added values are those that create the intrinsic brand personality that seeks to distinguish different brands though they could be functionally the same. In tourism, the destination personality is used to leverage the perceived image of the place and in helping tourists choose the destination in the first place (Crockett and Wood, 2002). Brand image and brand personality have been used interchangeably (Hendon and Williams, 1985) and brand image is generally synonymous with either the brands strategic personality or its reputation as a whole (Upshaw, 1995, p. 14). Keller (2008) has identified brand image as consisting of (1) user profiles, (2) purchase and usage situations, (3) personality and values, and (4) history, heritage and experiences. Goa and its history of tourism can be analyzed through this qua rtet of dimensions. Business tourists coming to Goa according to the industry experts are mostly from the SEC B1 and B2 categories. The customers are Graduates/Post-graduates, Skilled, Executives or people in Sales / Supervisory or Junior/senior executives. Entrepreneurs in terms of those who employ less than 10 people are also considered under this classification. Since there are a large number of small business meets and conferences happening in Goa the creation of a product (Business conference) in this case is entirely a co-creation between the organization and the service provider. Usually the Hotel has a Sales in-charge associated with Business and Conference tourism and he/she initiates the process of identifying such potential in the market. The Sales-in-charge would then proceed to interact with the consumer (organization) and find out the requirements. These would include the venue requirements in terms of type of food, place, facilities etc. It also includes the entertainment which is then ou tsourced to an event management organization with which the hotel has an association. Given this process the customers say in the creation of the business conference tourism experience is intrinsic. The consumer (Organization) desires to have an experience that caters or satisfies the participants based on its understanding of the people whom it is organizing the conference for, e.g., Trade meet (for its distributors), Dealers meet (for its Dealers), Annual meet (for its Sales people), Quarterly meet (for various departments of the organization) etc. Goas business tourism segment comprises of the above mentioned types of meets and conferences and has resulted in the user profile designing the conference experience for itself. This will go a long way in creating a competence for the hotel/event management organization which is co-creating the experience thereby trying to ensure future conference and meets having similar themes. Its a known fact that once the learning curve is peaked then it is easy to perform with lower costs thereby increasing the profitability to create the experience across different situations and across different customer segments. Goa has long been known as a leisure and fun tourist destination among the foreign and domestic tourists. The Tourism Master Plan (2001) had identified attraction preferences of tourists visiting Goa. 66% domestic tourists preferred the sea side while 48% preferred heritage sites. 60% foreign tourists preferred sea side. Having a leisure focus and getting business tourists to the destination requires a mix of leisure-cum-business. It is precisely this aspect that has appealed to the consumers (organizations) to help them co-create the Business Conference experience. This experience created across the 700-800 small business conferences across the state of Goa has the potential to create an image for itself as far as business-cum-leisure tourism is concerned. In almost all the business meets and conferences the fire dancers and belly dancers that are brought in from outside of Goa perform to entertain the conference/business meet participants. This has initiated a strong preference fro m the customers (organization) side to have such performances as part of the business meet/ conference experience. This has the potential to spiral into a destination image through word of mouth publicity on the type and content of business tourism experience at destination Goa. One can see the subtle change in touristic behavior that impacts some stakeholders in so far as the Casino Tourism is seen. The offshore Casions that started in Goa a few years ago are slowly impacting the image of Goa in certain segments of tourists. Though nascent there is scope for the destination to identify the major impacting elements that lead to the co-creation of the image with respect to Business Conference tourism. The process of image creation or rather experience creation and its impact on the image of the destination is an area for further research. Though this article is more conceptual there is a good potential to undertake research from a service marketing point of view, an economic point of view (Resource utilization) and also from a social point of view. Conclusions. Though Goa is not considered as a Business and Convention Tourism Destination there are small efforts being undertaken by the stakeholders in Tourism at Goa to ensure that there is a combination of Business and Pleasure for the business tourists at Goa. In pursuit of that, there is a strong experience co-creation by the stakeholders and the consumers, which is leading to a subtle image formation and destination brand personality of Goa. The subtlety is of prime importance as it does not lend itself to defined intervention to create a specific image as is done with brands in the marketing parlance. This in turn has the potential to create a brand image / brand personality for Goa which cannot be controlled to deliver a strong competitive advantage vis-à  -vis other business destinations. Industry experts point out that in order to change the image to have specific aspects of Business tourism highlighted there is a strong need to create quality infrastructure in Goa. Industry experts also point out that at best each of the 5 star category hotels has a Convention hall with a seating capacity of about 1000. In order to create a strong brand image of a Business Tourism destination it is pointed out that such halls need to be of at least 20,000- 30,000 seating capacity. That is the kind of direction which needs to be undertaken if one has to have a strong impact on the destination image. However the subtle impacts that are seen due to the co-creation of the business tourism experience also have to be borne in mind since their impact has an emerging trend rather than a planned one. Bibiliography Keller, K. (2008). Strategic  brand  management. Building, measuring, and  managing   brand  equity (3rd  edition ed.). Upper Saddle  River:  NJ:  Prentice Hall

Ethnic Mexicans in the 20th Century Essays -- Social Movements, United

Given the social struggle of ethnic Mexicans in the United States, the 20th century turned to be pivotal in the social movements that would not only create opportunities but mobilize the ethnic Mexicans to push forward and make sure their voices where heard all throughout the century. They have used these means to incorporate into everyday life in the United States. Despite this they have struggled to achieve what in politics of the United States considers to be a ‘full citizenship’. Even though the US has dehumanized, criminalized, and subjugated ethnic-Mexicans, Social and Cultural Citizenships have changed the way of understanding politics of ethnic-Mexicans social movements because ethnic-Mexicans have countered all levels of government to achieve a form of belonging in the United States and have heavily contributed to the United States despite being discriminated. Social Citizenship is defined by â€Å"T.H. Marshall conceptualized as evolving from a combination of civil, political, and social elements in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries† (Del Castillo, 95). The three keys to social citizen as defined above are civil, political and social. All these keys as fundamentals for immigrants to live in the United States while having freedoms such as, speech, religion and fundamental civil right liberties. The other two comprise of political and social, the political is the right the full right for immigrants to participate or exercise political power and finally the third is the social component that ensures that immigrants are given rights entitled to American citizens. Social citizenship is crucial in understanding because it gives the ethnic-migrants a sense of belonging in the community. These ethnic-Mexicans ar... ...becoming U.S. Citizens, something that they have been doing with other Works Cited Chavez, Alex â€Å"Labor Revolution and the Great Migration† Mexican-American History. University of Illinois at Chicago. 3. Oct. 2013. Lecture. Chavez, Alex â€Å"The Chicano/a Generation† Mexican-American History. University of Illinois at Chicago. 29. Oct. 2013. Lecture. Chavez, Alex â€Å"Constructing Illegality† Mexican-American History. University of Illinois at Chicago. 12. Nov. 2013. Lecture. Del Castillo, Adelaida R. 2007. â€Å"Illegal Status and Social Citizenship: Thoughts on Mexican Immigrants in a Postnational World† In Women and Migration in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands: A Reader. Garcà ­a, Igancio M. 1997. â€Å"Strategies for Aztlà ¡n: Creating a Cultural Polity.† Rosaldo, Renato. 1994. â€Å"Cultural Citizenship and Educational Democracy.† Cultural Anthropology 9(3):402-411.

The Importance of Group Work in Education Essay example -- Group Work

The Importance of Group Work in Education When I was in high school, and one of my teachers would ask us to form groups in order to do something, I would usually roll my eyes. Ironically enough, some of the best work that I put forth and learned from was done in a group work setting. By working with my peers towards a common end, I got things done much quicker and thorough than I ever did on my own. I chose to research group work for this essay, because in my limited experience as a teacher, youth worker, and student, group work proves to be a most effective teaching method; when it is done successfully. To begin, I came up with four questions to ask myself in researching this project: Why is implementing group work such a useful teaching method? How does it best foster critical literacy? How can it work to begin to dissolve the traditional labels of student stereotypes? How does group work best benefit the inclusion path: incorporating both gifted and special needs students? I have only been able to better understand the answers to these questions in the light of my limited experience, student talk, and professional writings. I do plan on being able to establish more of a concrete application of my philosophy within this short intern experience. My philosophy of group work reflects my philosophy on classroom culture. I see the best classroom environment as one that is non-hostile towards the student; doing whatever it can to clarify and to understand their ideas and problems. In a setting such as this, the student will develop a certain autonomy in discovering their own learning styles, as well as in evaluating their own work. à ¬Students who are authors in the English classroom are more than the writer of... ...esponse to Literature.à ® English Journal. 84:6 (October). Christensen, Linda. 1994. à ¬Building Community from Choas.à ® Rethinking Our Classrooms. Rethinking Schools, Ltd.;Milwaukee, 1994. Evans, Karen S. 1996. à ¬TheRole of Positioning in Peer à ±Led Literature Discussions. Language Arts. 73:3. (March). Hillebrand, Ramana P. 1994. à ¬Contol and Cohesion: Collaborative Learning and Writing. English Journal. 84:1. (January) Knudson, Ruth E. 1995. à ¬A study of Teachers, Tracking, and Grouping: An Examination ofPactice.à ® English Journal. 84:1 (January) Kutz, Eeanor and Hephzibah Roskelly. An Unquiet Pedagogy. Boyton/Cook Publishes; NH, 1991. Levin, James and James Nolan. Principles of Classroom Management. Allyn and Bacon; 1996. Mayher, John S. Uncommon Sense. Boyton/Cook Publishers; NH, 1990. Steinberg, Laurence. Adolescence. McGraw Hill, INC.: NY, 1996.

Alfie Kohn

In the modern age of No Child Left Behind and similar mandates, there has been an increased focus placed on what schools must do in order to improve the educational outcomes of each and every student. It has finally become apparent that the traditional method of schooling is not as effective as once believed.Evidence of this fact can be found within the test scores of individual schools as well as entire school districts. Alfie Kohn is a leader in school reform and he focuses on non traditional ways to educate students so they are excited and eager to learn.Despite the idea held my many Americans that current methods do not work, the vast majority of schools continue to rely on â€Å"back to basics† strategies for instruction (Kohn, 1999, 2). While â€Å"back to basics† may have worked for previous generations it is not working for the current generation.Kohn emphasizes the need to shift focus away from traditional methods of school in favor of non traditional methods i n order to motivate students to want to learn. A biography of Kohn is offered as well as a discussion based on his personal contributions to the field of education and classroom management.BiographyAlfie Kohn is one of the most vocal critics of the intense focus placed on standardized tests and test scores (Kohn, 1998, 1). His theories and ideas have motivated many educators and administrators to reexamine the way that students learn and the way that teachers teach.Kohn began his career as a high school teacher and enjoyed making improvements to his curriculum and lesson plans in order to provide the best educational experiences for his students.After Kohn left the classroom he realized that using the same curriculum in the same way for each group of students is not the most effective way to motivate students to learn. Instead, he realized that adapting the course material to each group of students was a more effective way to provide authentic learning experiences that left students wanting to know more (Kohn, 1998, 1).Kohn also spent a great deal of time observing other teachers and engaging in dialogue with education experts in order to present a cohesive view of the education system in America. Kohn is most well known for his stand against teaching to the test and relying on test scores as adequate measures of educational progress.Kohn also is known for his idea that the ultimate outcome of education is not that each child receive all A’s because this is not the point of school. Finally, Kohn is known for his idea that current assessment measures are not adequate and do not give a clear representation of what really happens in classrooms (Kohn, 1998, 1).Contributions to EducationThe most important contribution that Alfie Kohn has made in the field of education is the shift in focus that has occurred from assessment measures such as standardized tests to a more comprehensive view of education that is primarily concerned with students’ ability t o learn and keep on learning (Kohn, 2004, 27).Kohn emphasizes that the intense focus placed on grading and assessment has taken away the potential for authentic learning experiences that truly benefit students rather than simply teach them how to take a test.Further, teachers spend so much time worrying about what amount or level of work constitutes what grade when their focus should be on enabling students to make significant progress in their understanding of certain subjects regardless of what grade they end up with (Kohn, 2004, 28).This contribution is essential within the education field because it has allowed teachers to question the traditional methods of instruction and begin to consider non traditional methods that may motivate students to learn more than what is possible through traditional education.It has also motivated many educators to begin to work with experts and policy makers in the field in order to discover alternate ways to assess student progress that does not rely solely on the outcome of standardized testing (Kohn, 2004, 28).A similar idea that has stemmed from the idea that alternate testing measures must be discovered is the idea that grades cause students to do as little as possible and still get a good grade. In this way, grades actually disable the desire to learn more because students quickly find out how little they can get away with and still receive an acceptable grade (Kohn, 2004, 28).At the same time, the motivation to learn more decreases as student desire to receive a good grade increases. Students who receive grades based on performance are reluctant to try challenging things because of their fear of failing and/or receiving a poor grade.On the other hand, students who are encouraged to think for themselves and explore topics that interest them without the fear of being graded are more likely to recall the information that they learn as well as continue to seek opportunities to learn new things (Kohn, 2004, 28).While this certainly does not mean that schools are going to stop handing down grades to students this idea has allowed many educators to reexamine the way they assess their students in order to provide ample opportunity for students to learn without the fear of failure.Another important realization that has come from Kohn’s view of traditional assessment models is that there must be an educational goal behind assessing students.In other words, assessment must be used to enhance the educational opportunities for students. Instead, assessment is most often used to categorize students and determine who is smarter than whom or as a technique to motivate students to work harder in order to get the â€Å"A† (Kohn, 2004, 28).Therein lies the problem with standardized tests. Kohn emphasizes that standardized tests do not truly show how much teaching or learning has taken place. Instead, they simply show how well a child can do on a test on any given day and/or how well a student is able to guess on questions they do not know (Kohn, 2004, 28).Kohn has opened the eyes of educators and allowed many of them to see the error of their ways in relying solely on the outcome of standardized tests in measuring student progress. Kohn has also forced many experts and policy makers within the field of education to realize that perhaps there is a better way to determine how well America’s students are doing in school.Contributions to Classroom ManagementKohn has questioned the use of traditional discipline strategies that focus on getting students to do what the teacher wants them to do. Traditionally, the teacher creates a set of classroom rules and expects students to obey them.These rules often include detailed consequences that accompany them in order to show students what will happen to them if they break one of the rules (Kohn, 2006, 1). Similar to his work with standardized tests and assessment measures, Kohn’s work with classroom management has forced many teachers to reexamine how they approach classroom management.Obviously, it is necessary that students be taught to how to behave appropriately in the classroom in order to create an environment conducive to learning. However, Kohn feels that classroom management is significantly more effective if students take part in creating caring environments rather than being expected to follow the rules decided upon by the teacher (Kohn, 2006, 1).In other words, Kohn has shown teachers that not all discipline problems are because students are naughty but rather because a caring community has not been created that encourages students to work together to learn and grow.

The Background and Methodology of Childhood Obesity

Over the years childhood obesity has grown by more than 9 million, and this number is expected to grow by even more. Parents are not always heard, and often schools are not run the way they would prefer. In this article parents are given a voice and a chance to be heard on what they feel is important for their children’s health. In this article the researchers survey the parents and get their opinions on what they feel needs to be done to help the fight against childhood obesity. Problem to solve: Childhood obesity is the main focus in this article.This paper helps to give the parents their view of how schools are dealing with childhood obesity. Childhood obesity has been on a steady rise over the past few years. Approximately over 9 million children are obese and that number continues to rise (Murphy & Polivka, 2007). Schools play a very important role in children’s lives. There are many health issues that can arise due to obesity if it is not treated. Treating this di sease can be as easy as more physical activity and a healthier diet. Unfortunately, children are eating more unhealthy foods and are engaged in less physical activities.Myers and Vargas decided to survey 200 people to get their views on childhood obesity (Murphy & Polivka, 2007). In this article there is discussion on how the parents feel and what they think can be done to try and help fix this issue. Health Care Administrators: With all the money that is spent helping to treat childhood obesity, it is very important that health care administrators study this issue. There was $127 million spent for hospital cost in 1999 alone, and this number is still on the rise.By 2025 it is estimated that the cost will raise $100 billion (Murphy & Polivka, 2007). Schools can help and play a huge role in the way children choose to live their lives. Children spend a huge part of their day at school, and by providing healthier lunches and more exercise we can help to decrease the amount of children that are going to the doctor because of issues from obesity. Health care administrators can come up with plans for the doctors to suggest to parents who bring their children in for check-ups.Making suggestions for healthier lifestyles should be a priority in many physicians’ offices and health care administrators can help to make that happen. Purpose: It seems as though the purpose of this study is to inform or let the reader know about the statistics behind childhood obesity. They wanted the reader to be aware of the risks of childhood obesity and what parents think schools can do to help their children by offering programs to teach about healthier lifestyles and more physical activities.Many students feel as though gym and physical activities can cause embarrassing moments from their peers, and they also stated that the school lunches were low quality, so the vending machines were more convenient (Murphy & Polivka, 2007). School nurses are responsible for creating these cha nges and this paper tells ways that these changes can be made. Research Question: A research question is basically the first step the researcher must conduct before starting their research.It is known as the methodological point and any questions that are asked should be answered during the research (Colorado State University, 2012). It should be defined clearly as well as accurately. It can be used for quantitative research. This step allows the researcher to figure out what he or she wants to know the most (Colorado State University, 2012). This article did not clearly state a question, but if there were to be a question it would probably be, do parents view schools as having a big impact on their child’s health and if so what can be done to provide a healthier environment?Hypothesis: A research hypothesis is a statement that is created by the researcher and it is a speculation of what they believe the outcome will be. This article does not have a hypothesis directly stated ; the authors only provide statistics within each paragraph. If there were to be a hypothesis it would probably state that the parents who will partake in the survey will mostly all agree that schools play a big role in their child’s life and providing healthier foods and more exercise would be a positive change.Independent and Dependent Variables: An independent and dependent variable are two different variables. An independent variable is a variable that can be wielded by the researcher. It is basically a hypothesized in order to influence or affect the dependent variable. The independent variable is measured from the researcher. The researcher assigns an experimental or a controlled condition to the participants. The independent variables would be the surveys and what they say prior to the participants taking the survey (Murphy & Polivka, 2007).The dependent variables would be the participants that partake in the survey (Murphy & Polivka, 2007). Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework is used in research to give details or to create an outline of what the possible actions may be. It is used to try and connect the aspects of the topic. The theoretical framework that was conducted in this article was what the relationship between a parent’s perception of their child’s BMI and obesity and what the schools role is in preventing as well as treating the children’s obesity issues (Murphy & Polivka, 2007).Literature Review: Literature review is important because it allows the researcher to find out what has already been discovered and what has not. It gives them a chance to create a research strategy that works best for them. It gives them a chance to avoid other researcher’s mistakes. Instead of surveying the school nurses or random people, the researchers in this article asked the parents how they feel and what they feel is important to keep their children on a healthy track so that they do not become obese (Murphy & Po livka, 2007).Study Design: There are many research designs that can be used. Descriptive design, correlation studies, semi-experimental designs, experimental designs, reviewing other research, and test study before conducting full-scale study (Experiment-Resources. com, 2012). This article is more of a descriptive design because it was based off of surveys. There was one subject studied which was childhood obesity and how schools affect children’s health (Murphy & Polivka, 2007). It was not clearly stated how long the study took.Childhood obesity is a growing issue and there are many contributions to this problem. Children spend most of their lives at school, so changing the ways that schools handle health issues is important. By removing vending machines, providing healthy programs, and allowing more physical activities can be a positive change. When the school nurses, parents, and children are all on the same page healthier changes might start to show and the level of child hood obesity may start to decrease.

Psychology Paper Parenting Styles

Parenting Styles, Discipline, and Behavioral Outcomes Many psychologists throughout history have indulged in studies related to parenting behavior and how children are affected from such behavior. The work of Diana Baumrind, which is considered to be one of the most influential and well-studied theories of parenting behavior, was the first to identify three styles of parenting (Sclafani 44). These styles of parenting are called authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. This paper will further explain descriptions of these styles and the typical behaviors of children as a result of each style.This paper will also provide insight on the parenting style I was raised on along with my thoughts on types of discipline I might use in the future with my own child. As discussed in the introduction, there are three different styles of parenting, authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. Each style has different characteristics and outcomes of behavior from a child, both negative and pos itive. Authoritative parenting is considered most effective. Authoritative parents provide direction and clear rules but not for the sake of blind obedience (Kimball 44).Authoritative parents are willing to discipline the child if misbehavior occurs and rewards behavior that is considered accomplished. Authoritative parenting also provides the nurture and acceptance and enforces independence a child needs as they grow older. This parenting style is associated with high achieving children. These children are typically well-mannered, well- behaved, and goal- oriented. These children also have self- confidence and are excellent in engaging in group activities with peers.Through research it has also been found that fewest numbers of drug issues and problems when the children reach adolescence are associated with this parenting style (Sclafani 46). Another parenting style to discuss is the authoritarian parenting style. With this parenting style, parents provide little nurture and accept ance but are extremely controlling and demanding. These parents strongly believe in rule enforcement and order. Authoritarian parents normally do not interact with their children in positive ways and usually install fear into the child. Punishment is usually harsh and given without explanation.Children with authoritarian parents are often anxiety- ridden. Studies have shown that these children have lower self- esteem, show high aggressiveness and typically do less well in school. Permissive parenting consists of high nurture and acceptance, but these parents lack structure and control. These parents look at their children as â€Å"free spirits† who need space to learn and grow. Permissive parents are usually inconsistent with discipline. Children with permissive parents normally are impulsive and irresponsible. These children also lack any self- control since none was expected (Sclafani 47).What exactly causes a teenager to rebel? This question is asked by millions of parents across the nation. Adolescents are in the formal operational thought stage. Parents must realize that their teenage children will have the desire to make their own decisions and challenge any inconsistent discipline. In the broadcast video, Teens: What makes them tick, when questioned why they choose to rebel, the majority of teenagers had one main reason, they are pulling away from their parents. With authoritarian parents, teenagers feel trapped and unloved.These parents are constantly nagging, lecturing and focusing on the negative aspects along with being punitive. The teenager begins to believe the negativity and ultimately has identity foreclosure. Normally, these teenagers lack self- confidence and find ways to deal with these internal issues. Teenagers can partake in unhealthy habits such as substance abuse, becoming promiscuous, or engaging in activities outside of the room to stay away. Teenagers of permissive parents normally rebel in similar ways but have different reas oning. With permissive parents, no boundaries are set and the adolescent has total freedom to do as he or she chooses.These adolescents are normally aggressive as well, especially if parents â€Å"cave in† to the aggressiveness to avoid confrontation. When I was an adolescent, I was raised by my father since my mother did not play an active role in my life. I would classify my father’s style of parenting as authoritative. Sure, my father had his days when the other styles were apparent but for the most part he was consistent. There was plenty of love and nurture along with clear boundaries set. My father listened and sympathized with me, providing guidance as I grew older.My father’s techniques were very effective although it took a while to set in along with my character. It is because of my father, I strive to better myself every day. Discipline plays a huge role in shaping a child’s personality and behavior. In the future, I plan on taking the authorit ative approach with my child. I want my child to be involved and able to make their own decisions. I plan on giving responsibilities that is age appropriate. When my child misbehaves, I will not resort to physical and verbal punishment. I rather give â€Å"time- outs† and later explain why that behavior is not allowed and inappropriate.I want to set clear boundaries and rules and explain them not in a negative aspect, but how these boundaries and rules will benefit my child. Last but not least, I will give praise when deserved and encourage my child to continue accomplishments. As discussed in my paper, different parenting styles can make a world of difference in a child’s behavior. Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive all have different outcomes. These styles also depend on the parent’s state of mind and past experiences. These parenting styles can shape a child’s future and create an image of how that child views itself. 914

Allure Cruise Line

Since the days of antiquity, Seas and Oceans have always fascinated the human being as the great wide open to explore for the unknowns. Many a miles have been sailed, many oceans have been crossed, and now at this hour humans are circling ocean for leisure tours using the most advanced and sophisticated water transport industry, the Cruise Liners. The history of this industry has three folds as Early, Jet and Modern Age. It started with the introduction of the Ocean Liners as humans plunged into the adventure of exploring new lands and further propelled by the foreign trade of the early time.Following the suite; in 1818 the Black Ball Line operating from New York became the first scheduled passenger service provider shipping company sailing from the United States to England. During I and II World War the cruise industry has done the task of transporting troops and displaced refugees too. Post war the industry recovered rapidly as the US government offered heavy subsidies in cruise sh ip building operations (Cruiseworking, 2009).In this Case Study of Allure Cruise Line (MS Allure of the Seas), the sister ship of the world's largest passenger ship, the Oasis of the Seas, the expansion plan of the â€Å"Project Genesis† will be addressed by the paper with study of dynamics, major players and the challenges of this industry in detailed subdivided structure (Asklander, M. (2008). Today the cruise liners are no more just passenger carriers or voyage ships, rather floating hotels of its own kinds; owned by various companies across the world. They are the off shore version of the hospitality management.To focus on the case, the major players of the North American Cruise Industry take the first 20 places in no time. But some of them are the flagship operators to be reckoned on. They are Royal Caribbean International, Princess Cruises, Carnival Cruise Line, Celebrity Cruises, Disney Cruise Line, Holland America, P&O, Cunard, and Norwegian Cruise Line (Pain, 2006). To look deep into the business specification of the players; their statistics of the profile reveals a comparative understanding of the expansion measure to â€Å"Allure†.To ponder on Allure’s own player, Royal Caribbean International is a Miami, Florida based brand owned by Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. whose organisation type is Public. It also holds the subsidiaries of Azamara Cruises, founded by the Greek Chandris Group (Plowman, 2006). As on 2007, the company asset listed as Revenue: USD $6. 149 billion, Operating Income: USD $901. 3 million, Net Income: USD $603. 4 million. It has a fleet size of 21 ships, names ending with â€Å"of the sea†. Consisting of 6 different classes the total passenger volume is 69,736.The passenger to crew ratio of this liner company varies from 2:4 to 3:7. The organisation Headquarter is flagged at 1050 Caribbean Way, Miami, Florida, USA (Reed Business Information, 2009). Among all the other players, Carnival Cruise Line (Carniv al Corporation & PLC) is the biggest of all, including 11 other cruise operators in it. It is a British-American-Panamanian corporation that includes other cruise brands like, Carnival Cruise Lines itself, Princess Cruises, Holland America Line and Seabourn Cruise Line in North America.P&O Cruises, Cunard Line and Ocean Village in the United Kingdom; AIDA Cruises in Germany; Costa Cruises in Italy and P&O Cruises Australia; in Australia. Combining all brands of the organisation it has a mighty fleet size of 88 ships, touching more than 1,60,000 passenger volume and as an expansion plan 18 more ships due to deliver by 2012. The total asset size as on 2007 are, Revenue: $ 13,033 million, Operating income: $ 2,725 million and Net income: $ 2,408.The organisation type is public dual listed company, listed to NYSE: CCL, LSE: CCL, NYSE: CUK with Headquarters flagged in Miami, USA and London, UK. Though Carnival Corporation and PCL are separate listed companies having separate list of stak eholders, but own all its operating companies jointly in the group (Carnival Corporation & PLC, 2006). The crew to passenger ratio of this organisation is 1:1 (EDGAR Online, Inc. , 2009). Among other players; Disney Cruise Line is an American cruise line company, property of The Walt Disney Company.Its Headquarter is flagged in Celebration, Florida that operates 2 ships reaching a combined passenger volume of 4800, with a passenger to crew ratio 1:9. To its existing fleet, company is adding 2 more ships, which are two decks taller than the existing ones; thus expanding the business by four folds (Ship Facts, 2009). This private organisation runs by President Tom McAlpin as part of the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts division is counting a Revenue: $ 35. 51 billion, Operating income: $ 7. 827 billion and Net income: $ 3.832 billion, as on 2007 (The Walt Disney Company, 2007). Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) with the daughter company NLC America, jointly owned by Star cruises and Apollo man agement has 50% of NLC. It is a private company flagged in Miami, Florida. The company is famous for its freestyle cruising concept with no fixed time for meal, sitting arrangement or any formal dress code. 1 Its fleet size is 11 with a passenger volume of 24,807. Under expansion plan one more ship is set to sail by 2010 (Ward, 2006).As per observation, Royal Caribbean International, Carnival Corporation and PCL and Norwegian Cruise Line are thre main major players, have unique operational strategies that make them different to one another. Royal Caribbean retains a very compact business with large ships but small fleet size. In contrary Carnival has a huge brand basket with medium ships and deeper penetration. And NLC has a moderate market and fleet with no exceptional expansion. It is hard for Caribbean to overtake Carnival, but the concept of mega size ships of the former is creating extra niche.These cruise ships follow the Shipboard Structure with following positions: Commandin g Officer – CO, Executive Officer – XO, Command Master Chief – CMC, Department Head – DH, Division Officer – DO, Leading Chief Petty Officer – LCPO/Leading Petty Officer – LPO, Work Center Supervisor, Damage Control Petty Officer – DCPO, Command Career Counselor – CCC, Ship’s 3-M Coordinator, Ombudsman, Financial Specialist, Drug and Alcohol Program Administrator – DAPA, Quality Assurance Coordinator, Medical Department, Safety Officer, Divisional Safety Petty Officer and Security Manager (King, 2009).According to maritime law cruise ship are to follow the laws like, Maritime Statutes, Treaties, and Conventions, Medical Issues on Cruise Ships, Passengers with Disabilities, Injuries, Accidents, and Physical and Sexual Assaults on Cruise Passengers, Cruise Ship Fires and Collisions, Vessel Safety, Illegal Dumping, & Unsanitary Conditions (Cruise Law, 2009). For the cruise liner industry law is same in all the water body. As the cruise ships have become floating hotel, as leisure activity the industry is booming with more expansion plans despite of the economic slowdown.The only hindrance is the political instability that creates tension in regions and the companies have to cancel the port of calls for passenger’s safety, which makes many active crews inactive in affected zones. For Allure it is a big step ahead to compete, if not in numbers, but in size. One more sea will join the â€Å"Amada†. Reference Asklander, M. (2008). â€Å"M/S Allure of the Seas (2010)†. Fakta om Fartyg. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http://www. faktaomfartyg. se/allure_of_the_seas_2010. htm. Cruiseworking. (2009). The History Of The Cruise Line Industry.Retrieved February 23, 2009, from http://www. cruiseworking. com/history. shtml Carnival Corporation & PLC. (2006). Corporate Information. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http://phx. corporate-ir. net/phoenix. zhtml? c=200767&p=irol-p rlanding Cruise Law. (2009). Links to Maritime & Cruise Line Related Sites. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http://www. cruise-law. com/links. html EDGAR Online, Inc. (2009). Edgar Pro. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http://sec. edgar-online. com/carnival-corp/8-k-current-report-filing/2006/11/07/Section12.aspx King, K. (2009). SHIPBOARD ORGANIZATION AND ADMIN FUNDAMENTALS. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http://members. tripod. com/~Motomom/104ship Plowman, P. (2006). The Chandris Liners and Celebrity Cruises. Rosenberg Publishing. Pain, J. (2006). Royal Caribbean orders $1. 24B cruise ship. The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http://www. boston. com/business/articles/2006/02/06/royal_caribbean_orders_large_cruise_ship_1139250670/ Reed Business Information (2009). Ships operated by Royal Caribbean International.Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http://www. search2cruise. com/cruise-operator-list-7043. html Ship Facts. (2009). Disney Cruise Line. Retrieved Feb ruary 24, 2009, from http://disneycruise. disney. go. com/dcl/en_US/onboard/about/listing? name=ShipFactsListingPage&bhcp=1 The Walt Disney Company. (2007). â€Å"The Walt Disney Company 2007 Annual Report†. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http://amedia. disney. go. com/investorrelations/annual_reports/WDC-AR-2007. pdf Ward, D. (2006). Complete Guide to Cruising & Cruise Ships. Singapore: Berlitz

Proposal for Callingyou Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Proposal for Callingyou Inc - Essay Example The Company provides 24 / 7 support, staff rotates in shifts, centralized administration is recommended to configure multiple accounts on each workstation, and this enables every employee to log in the computer with his / her own credentials. Topology is the framework of any network. Star topology is recommended for the current network design. It is the most widely adopted topology. The star topology supports the centralized provision of network resources and services. The support staff can manage the network administrative and troubleshooting tasks centrally. Star topology helps to implement centralized security architecture for improved and enhanced security of the network. The network implementation cost can be saved by provisioning the core systems located centrally. The security controls and backup systems are also located centrally for better troubleshooting and management. Data communication network requires a carrier for transportation of data. A simple definition is available on ‘www. T1definition.com’ that says â€Å"A T-1 line is a dedicated data line that transmits data at the speed of 1.544 megabits per second (mbps). This translates to a speed that is 27 times faster than a 56k dial-up modem, which means that multiple people can access the Internet simultaneously†. T1 consists of total 24 channels that can be used as 24 different channels for voice or data. However, 24 simultaneously logical connections can be established. A dedicated T1 line can support up to 50 to 100 users on the network. The dedicated T1 carrier is implemented to synchronize traffic within the two remote sites for Calling You Inc. Furthermore, another carrier is requisite for internal communication of the network. Data transmission is conducted on a Category 5 cables for the current network design. CAT-5 is in the form of twisted pairs. However, the cable consists of 4 copper wire pairs, connecting the

Cooper Green Hospital and the Community Care Plan Case Study

Cooper Green Hospital and the Community Care Plan - Case Study Example Finally, the expansion of the program has to be driven by an individual other than Dr Max Michael the originator of the program. He he has neither the promotional, organizational or social skills needed to develop a team that can effectively realize the cost benefits to service providers and time and convenience benefits to CCP members. This case presents a series of key issues that, traced backwards, draw out the essential issues. The presenting issue is a lack of revenue: Start-up funds are terminating and the program is not yet self-supporting. The program is not yet self-supporting because it does not have enough paying participants. Therefore, the program needs more members, paying more membership fees to become self-supporting (or, ideally, profitable). The key issue in this case is promotional. One might be tempted to say marketing, but promotional is more accurate. Individuals to not need to be persuaded to buy membership in the Cooper Green Hospitals Community Care Plan (CCP) clinics. The problem is actually much more fundamental. They need to be made aware that the option exists. The case indicates that potential members have not made a choice not to join a CCP but rather, for the most part, were never aware that they had the option, of what the option entailed, an of what the potential benefits were. It is in this sense that the key issue is promotional. The symptoms are financial losses and low membership but the key issue is promotional: The target client group is largely unaware of the availability of the service. They lack the information necessary to say yes to CCP clinic membership. A lack of promotion is also evident on an entirely different level. The employees seem to enjoy working in the CCP environment and be motivated. However, the same cannot be said about their bureaucratic and political masters.

World War II, Cold War and Post-War America Essay

World War II, Cold War and Post-War America - Essay Example United States became an ally with British and French and became involved in the war by supplying them with the military assistance. America offered weapons and other military support to those countries under the Land Lease Act and Cash and Carry Act. This allowed the renting of American military equipments during the tough war time. This was the crucial time when America was indirectly involved in the war with the other countries to overcome the Axis powers. During the early stages of World War II, America remained a neutral force which aimed its goal in providing sources and military assistance to all the other countries. Such countries were bound to come all the way to America to get their military supplies. However, America was under strict surveillance of Germany, for providing military assistance to Britain. As a result, Germany failed to defeat England in the war and moved its interest towards Soviet Union due to the presence of different resources available there. On the other hand, Japan was another state that was aggressively gaining control over Asia. Somehow, we understand that Japan was also under ‘steel deals’ with America. United States of America understood the Japanese motive behind their expansion which was greatly influenced by the Germany ideals. This moved the United States to place an Embargo on Japan for using its Steel. This adversely affected the Japanese manufacturing of military weapons and fueled the fire between Japan and US. We know that Japan was seeking to increase its power and influence in the Asian region to set the image as a main regional super power and to acquire the raw materials that the country lacked. Japan believed that it was the right time for the small county to grow and to maintain its dominance over China and other Pacific lands. Nationalism was the basic factor that was growing in Japan during 1930 just the way it was growing in Germany. The young generation of Japan was under heavily influenced of t heir leader, Hirohito. When Japan attacked China, it realized the fact that the country is fighting with two strong political wings; the Nationalists and the Communists. However, America supported the Nationalist wing but remained neutral till the very end. During the WWII, America emerged as a super power that can hold supremacy and dominancy on any nation. WWII was the war of technology and improved war-weapons. The American interests in WWII were comprised of different factors. Americans wanted to make sure about the flow of communism and at the same time, America was nervous about Japan’s increasing power in the region and about its move towards South-East Asia. American Foreign Policy would have been damaged if Japan had attacked and took over Philippine. For Americans to safeguard their interest in the region, they thought it is highly important to deploy the atomic bomb. At the same time, America was also worried about the expansionist plans of Hitler. The main interes t lied in the maintaining its supremacy and dominancy on greater part of the world. World War II has played a key role I the formation of several factors that established the foundation of modern America. It shaped the entire country in a new transition. World War II helped America to get out of economic depression, political isolation and social conservatism. The World War II also enabled America to revive its domestic policies, foreign relations and to expand itself in both social and cultural arenas in a different manner. World War I was America’s first involvement in the Europe, however, during World War II, America maintained its supremacy on the greater part of the world, expressed its military power, cultivated new alliances and shaped new diplomatic relations with the major powers. Part 2: America and

Obamas health-care law still faces challenges after presidents Essay

Obamas health-care law still faces challenges after presidents reelection - Essay Example This is by imposing fines to those who do not take the health insurance cover. It further proposes that the state shall pay for all who are poor and for those who are elderly and are below the poverty line. This law also permits the state to fund abortion to reduce deaths caused by abortion. Despite the aims by president Obama to ensure that all American citizens have health insurance cover, Obama’s bill has received a fair share of criticism from all sectors. The first challenge on PPCA comes from Supreme Court as it termed Obamacare unconstitutional. This is because Obamacare go against the commercial clause. The Supreme Court termed the law void and null, as it was unconstitutional to compel anyone to take the health insurance cover. The other group that opposes this law is the Association of the American physicians and Surgeons (AAPS), who claim that the laws have less importance to the health care sector in general. They further claim that the law will prove expensive and costly in the end this is because of providing free care to those who are less fortunate. The quality of the health care will also reduce since free market system is not free to operate. Another group that opposes obamacare is the Congressional Budget Officers (CBO) (Dan, 2012). CBO claims that the law will become a burden to many citizens; since many citizens are yet take the health insurance cover, hence this will make access to health care to be difficult. The fi nes imposed to those who have not taken the health insurance cover will prove to be a financial burden to many citizens. This law is suitable for the American people. This is because it aims at preventing death to all American citizens. This is because if all citizens get the health insurance cover then there is reduction in cases of people dying because of lack of access to quality healthcare. The law will also ensure that all employers secure medical insurance cover for